#Hippocampus anatomy full#

These limbic include the hippocampus, cingulate cortex, olfactory cortex, and amygdala. The structures that line the edge of the hole collectively make up the so-called limbic system (Latin limbus =Д«order), with the hippocampus lining the posterior edge of this hole. Topologically, one can think of the surface of a cerebral hemisphere as a sphere with an indentation where it attaches to the midbrain. Shape of human hippocampus and associated structures. Due to the three-dimensional curvature of this structure, two-dimensional sections such as are commonly seen in preserved specimens or neuroimaging pictures can show a number of different shapes, depending on the angle and location of the cut. In primate brains, including humans, the portion of the hippocampus near the base of the temporal lobe is much broader than the part at the top. For example, in the rat, the two hippocampi look similar to pair of bananas, joined at the stems.

#Hippocampus anatomy full#

This general layout holds across the full range of mammalian species, from hedgehog to human, although the details vary. It has a distinctive, curved, shape that has been likened to the sea horse monster of Greek mythology and the ram's horns of Amun in Egyptian mythology. The hippocampus is a neural structure in the medial temporal lobe. Nissl-stained coronal section of the brain of a macaque monkey, showing hippocampus (circled). Finally different periods of postnatal development during which pathogenic factors might impact the structural and functional maturation of distinct hippocampal regions were identified, as is observed in autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and Down syndrome.Human hippocampus. In addition, the relatively high astrocytic coverage of newborn synapses might also play a central role in the generation of febrile seizures. In contrast, a major benefit that derives from decreased astrocytic coverage is the regulation of synaptic efficacy leading to an increase in synaptic selectivity advantageous for learning. It also provides an explanation for the relative resistance of this brain structure to hypoxia in the perinatal period, especially during the birth process. In particular, a developmental decrease in astrocytic processes and functions may be the critical factor underlying the selective vulnerability of CA1 to hypoxic-ischaemic episodes in adulthood. This chapter also discusses recent findings regarding its normal postnatal development, which provide an essential framework to consider the aetiologies of different neurodevelopmental disorders affecting hippocampal structure and function. This chapter provides a basic description of the structural organization of the primate hippocampal formation. In addition, abnormalities in hippocampal structure and functions have been reported in a number of neuropathological and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Paradoxically, the hippocampus is also the brain structure most sensitive to hypoxic-ischaemic episodes. The hippocampal formation plays a central role in the brain network essential for memory function. The hippocampal formation is comprised of a group of cortical regions, including the dentate gyrus, hippocampus, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex.

Chapter 15 The Hippocampus in Major Depression.

Chapter 14 The Hippocampus and Post-Traumatic Disorders.

Chapter 13 Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Hippocampus.

Chapter 11 The Hippocampus in Neurological Disease.

Chapter 10 Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Chapter 8 Sleep, Memory, and the Hippocampus.

Chapter 6 Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Functional Implications of a вЂNewвЂ™ Type of Plasticity.

Chapter 4 Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in the Hippocampus: Relationship to Neurological Diseases and Mechanisms for Differential Sensitivity of Neurons to Stress.

Chapter 3 Amnesia and the Hippocampal Memory System.Chapter 2 Functional Anatomy, Development, and Pathology of the Hippocampus.Chapter 1 Introduction: The Hippocampus in the Clinical Neurosciences.